| Common name (example trade name) |
Chemical class (FRAC # )1 | Activity | Mode of action | Resistance potential |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| azoxystrobin (Abound) | QoI2 (11) | contact, systemic | single-site | high |
| boscalid (Endura) | carboxamide (7) | contact | single-site | high |
| cyprodinil (Vangard) | anilinopyrimidine (9) | mostly contact | single-site | high |
| cyprodinil / fludioxonil (Switch) | anilinopyrimidine / phenylpyrrole (9 / 12) | contact, slightly systemic | single-site / single-site | medium |
| fenhexamid (Elevate) | hydroxyanilide (17) | contact | single-site | high |
| iprodione (Rovral) | dicarboximide (2) | systemic (local) | single-site | medium |
| pyraclostrobin (Cabrio) | QoI2 (11) | contact, systemic (local) | single-site | high |
| pyrimethanil (Scala) | anilinopyrimidine (9) | slightly systemic (local) | single-site | high |
| tebuconazole (Elite) | DMI3-triazole (3) | systemic (local) | single-site | high |
| Reynoutria sachalinensis extract | plant extract (P5) | — | various | low |
| thiophanate-methyl (Topsin-M) | MBC5 (1) | systemic (local) | single-site | very high |
| trifloxystrobin (Gem) | Qol2 (11) | contact, systemic4 | single-site | high |
| 1 | Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions (for more information, see http://www.frac.info/). Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. In California, make no more than one application of fungicides with mode-of-action group numbers 1, 4, 9, 11, or 17 before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number; for fungicides with other Group numbers, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number. |
| 2 | QoI = quinone outside inhibitor (strobilurin). |
| 3 | DMI = demethylation (sterol) inhibitor. |
| 4 | Generally considered to have systemic action based on performance data but has not been proven experimentally. |
| 5 | MBC= methyl benzimidazole carbamate. |
Acknowledgment: Adaskaveg et al., 2017. Efficacy and Timing of Fungicides, Bactericides, and Biologicals for Deciduous Tree Fruit, Nut, Strawberry, and Vine Crops. (PDF)