| Fungicide | Resistance risk (FRAC#)1 | Alternaria late blight | Botrytis blossom & shoot blight | Botryosphaeria panicle & shoot blight |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fontelis | high (7) | ++++ | ++++ | +++/++++ |
| Luna Experience | medium (3/7) | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| Luna Sensation | medium (7/11)3 | ++++4 | ++++ | ++++ |
| Merivon | high (7/11) | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
| Pristine | high (7/11)3 | ++++4 | ++++ | ++++ |
| Quash | high (3) | ++++ | +++/++++ | +++5 |
| Quilt Xcel,Avaris 2XS | medium (3/11)3 | ++++ | ---- | +++/++++ |
| Viathon | medium (3/33) | ++++ | + | ++++5 |
| Abound | high (11) 2,3 | +++ | ---- | +++ |
| Cabrio | high (11) 2,3 | +++ | ---- | +++ |
| Gem | high (11) 2,3 | +++ | ---- | +++ |
| Ph-D | medium (19) | +++ | ++++ | +++ |
| Quadris Top | medium (3/11)3 | +++ | ---- | +++/++++ |
| Switch | high (9/12)3 | +++ | +++ | ++ |
| Tebucon,Teb,Toledo | high (3) | +++ | + | +++5 |
| Vangard | high (9)3 | +++ | ++++ | ---- |
| Bravo,Chlorothalonil, Echo |
low (M5) | ++ | ---- | ++ |
| Bumper,Tilt | high (3) | ++ | + | ++5 |
| Scala | high (9)3 | ++ | +++ | +++6 |
| Inspire Super | medium (3/9) | ++ | +++ | +++/++++ |
| Topsin-M,T-Methyl, Incognito,Cercobin7 | high (1) | ---- | ++ | ++ |
| Elevate | high (17)3 | ND | ++++ | ND |
| K-Phite | low (33) | ND | ND | +++/++++ |
| Organic treatments | ||||
| Actinovate | low | ++ | ++++ | +++ |
| Regalia | low (natural product) | ++ | ---- | ++/+++8,9 |
| Copper | low (M1) | + | ---- | ---- |
| Liquid lime sulfur8 | low (M2) | ---- | ---- | Dormant +/- Delayed Dormant + |
| Rating: ++++ = excellent and consistent; +++ = good and reliable; ++ = moderate and variable; + = limited and/or erratic; +/- = minimal and often ineffective; ---- = ineffective, and ND = no data | |
| 1 | Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions. Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. In California, make no more than one application of fungicides with mode-of-action Group numbers 1, 4, 9, 11, or 17 before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode-of-action Group number; for fungicides with other Group numbers, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different mode-of-action Group number. |
| 2 | Field resistance of Alternaria spp. to Abound and to other strobilurin fungicides (Gem and Cabrio) is widespread in pistachio orchards. |
| 3 | To reduce the risk of resistance development, start treatments with a fungicide with a multi-site mode of action; rotate or mix fungicides with different mode of action FRAC numbers for subsequent applications, use labeled rates (preferably the upper range), and limit the total number of applications/season. |
| 4 | Resistance to the SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor) boscalid has been detected in high levels (80-90%) in some orchards; Pristine should not be applied if resistance to this fungicide is detected in an orchard. Cross-resistance of SDHI fungicides (FRAC Group 7) may occur. |
| 5 | Do not apply Bumper/Tilt within 60 days of harvest, Quash within 25 days of harvest, or tebuconazole fungicides (Tebucon/Teb/Toledo/Viathon) within 35 days before harvest. |
| 6 | Under low and moderate disease pressure. |
| 7 | Registered for bloom treatment only. |
| 8 | Dormant treatments and/or delayed dormant |
| 9 | Tested only under low disease pressure. |
Acknowledgment: Adaskaveg et al., 2017. Efficacy and Timing of Fungicides, Bactericides, and Biologicals for Deciduous Tree Fruit, Nut, Strawberry, and Vine Crops (PDF)