| Common name (Example trade name) |
Chemical class | Activity | Mode of action (Group number)1 | Resistance potential | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREHARVEST | |||||
| azoxystrobin (Abound) | Qol2 (strobilurin) | local systemic | single-site (11) | high | |
| azoxystrobin/difenoconazole (Quadris Top) | QoI2/DMI3 | locally systemic | multi-site (3/11) | med. | premixture |
| bordeaux | inorganic | contact | multi-site (M1) | low | copper and lime based mixture that often includes a zinc adjuvant. |
| copper | inorganic | contact | multi-site (M1) | low | fixed coppers (non-copper sulfate materials such as copper hydroxide and copper oxide) |
| fluopyram/trifloxystrobin (Luna Sensation) | SDHI4/Qol2 | locally systemic | multi-site (7/11) | low | premixture |
| fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin (Priaxor) | SDHI4/Qol2 | locally systemic | multi-site (7/11) | low | premixture |
| fosetyl-al (Aliette) | phosphonate | systemic | multi-site (33) | low | resistant pathogen populations reported |
| hydrated lime | inorganic | contact | multi-site (M1) | low | |
| mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold) | acylalanine | systemic | single-site (4) | high | |
| oxathiapiprolin (Orondis) | oxysterol binding proteins | mostly contact | single-site (U15) | high | |
| oxytetracycline (Fireline) | tetracycline antibiotic | contact | protein synthesis (41) | high | |
| polyoxin-D (Tavano/Oso) | polyoxin | contact | single-site (19) | med. | biopesticide |
| potassium phosphite (Fungi-Phite, Prophyt) | phosphonate | systemic | multi-site (33) | low | biopesticide, resistant pathogen populations reported |
| streptomycin (Firewall) | glucopyranosyl antibiotic | systemic | protein synthesis (25) | high | |
| POSTHARVEST | |||||
| fludioxonil (Graduate) | phenylpyrrole | contact | few (multi-site) (12) | med. | |
| fludioxonil/azoxystrobin (Graduate A+) | phenylpyrrole/ Qol2 (strobilurin) | contact/ locally systemic | few (multi-site) (11/12) | med. | premixture |
| imazalil (FungaFlor 500EC) | DMI3 | locally systemic | single-site (3) | high | resistant pathogen populations reported |
| pyrimethanil (Penbotec) | AP5 | locally systemic | single-site (9) | high | resistant pathogen populations reported |
| 1 | Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes of actions. Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to alternate in a resistance management program. For fungicides with mode-of-action group numbers 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, or 33, make no more than one application before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number; for fungicides with other group numbers, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide with a different mode-of-action group number. |
| 2 | QoI = Quinone outside inhibitor (strobilurin) |
| 3 | DMI = Demethylation inhibitors |
| 4 | SDHI = Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors |
| 5 | AP = Anilino-pyrimidine |
| 6 | MBC = methylbenzimidazole carbamate |